The religious and mythological layers and parallels in this film were stunning. Elysium, a type of Greek heaven separate from the other world of the afterlife, Hades, represents just that kind of heaven we find in the movie--where life is easiest for people. The regular citizens of earth were relegated to normal, ordinary lives at best, or hellish lives at worst. This fits completely with Greek mythology and ancient Greek beliefs. The inhabitants of Elysium also sat atop their Olympus, like Gods, and looked down their noses at, disregarded, and brutally treated those beneath them. Life under the Greed gods was much the same as under the rulers of Elysium.
But that's just the Greek angle. There you have a nun, regarding a heaven in the shape of a pentacle (I don't think I need to go over the religious symbolism from many different belief systems, good and bad, of the pentacle) explaining to the boy she tells has a destiny that Elysium isn't meant for him. Explaining how beautiful humanity looks from heaven. The boy then goes on to a huge chunk of lost life before his transformation and acceptance of his role as savior of all humanity. Remember, Jesus raged against his fate before the end, wondering why it had to be him. The parallel is clear, and his mental journey is also clear throughout the movie. It isn't just one moment of cheap payoff in the end.
My friend argued with me that the nun was the Mary figure, with this young boy without a father, but I disagreed. The mother of the sick little girl is the Mary figure in the movie, IMO. The nun represents God early on, and intermittently, but the mother of the sick little girl--with a fatherless child who ends up adopted in a protective manner by the woman's nominal mate--fills the Mary role, IMO. The immaculate conception connotation there seemed pretty obvious. I thought it was just there, but my friend thought it was both with the nun and with the mother. Could have been both, I suppose, but it got us talking, which is part of how good the movie was.
Getting back to the inhabitants of Elysium, a parallel I drew is how humanity would be treated by those fallen angels who felt themselves superior to mere humans, who were favored by God when they were not. The computer (God, of course--THAT is crystal clear in the movie) favored the citizens of Elysium instead of humanity, a nice reversal of classic biblical literature. Their treatment of humanity is much how I feel it would have been had their roles actually been reversed in the bible. Of course, once humanity manages to reprogram God (man, I enjoyed how this was portrayed), the Elysians were cast out of favor, giving humanity all of the power as in classic biblical literature.
Getting back to the Greeks, the Elysians also evoked powerful connections with the Lotus Eaters, those who reveled in their soft, comfortable existences in a supposed paradise. As the movie showed, however, it was a very flawed paradise. The three soldiers (fantastic characters, by the way) can represent the wrath and displeasure of the Gods in a metaphysical sense, or they can represent vengeful deities themselves. Copley himself has an Ares feel. Of course, Copley's character can easily be seen as a Lucifer or Satan figure. On one hand, he's cast out of favor of heaven, and strikes back at his creator (more of the Lucifer vibe); on the other hand, he's a straight up devil figure, evoking more of a cruel Satan vibe. Man, I could go on about them more, but I'm already rambling.
There were also smaller little bits here and there. The medical machines strongly evoke God's ability to work miracles. Jodie Foster's character had a Judas moment, refusing medical care perhaps to atone for her grave sins. The list goes on.
I could type more on the subject, but I suspect not many have read this far
I'll probably also think of more allusions to religion, and my friend will definitely email me more observations. Suffice it to say, the religious layers were what I was referencing with my earlier post.